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- Title
Human Milk Microbiome of Healthy Indian Mothers is Dominated by Genus Pseudomonas.
- Authors
Dutta, Sourabh; Das, Bhabatosh; Ghosh, Tarini Shankar; Kumar, Shakti; Kaushal, Raj Kumari; Ray, Pallab; Suri, Vanita; Nair, Gopinath Balakrish
- Abstract
Background: The composition of the human milk microbiome is highly variable and multifactorial. Milk microbiota from various countries show striking differences. There is a paucity of data from healthy lactating Indian mothers. Research Aim: To describe the milk microbiota of healthy North Indian women, using a culture-independent, targeted metagenomic approach. Methods: We recruited exclusively breastfeeding mothers (N = 22) who had vaginally delivered full-term singleton infants in a tertiary care hospital less than 1 week previously and had not recently consumed systemic antibiotics. Milk samples (5 ml) were collected aseptically, and microbial deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted. Microbial composition and diversity were determined using a 454-pyrosequencing platform. Core genera were identified, and their relative abundances ranked. Heatmaps showing the variation of the ranked abundances and Shannon index were obtained using R. Results: Participants (all exclusively vegetarian) had a mean (SD) age of 27.2 (3.4) years, postnatal age of 3.9 (1.6) days and gestation 38 (1.2) weeks. The dominant phylum was Proteobacterium (relative abundance 84%) and dominant genus Pseudomonas (relative abundance 61.78%). Eleven species of Pseudomonas were identified, all generally considered nonpathogenic. Based on abundance patterns of the core genera, the milk samples could be grouped: (a) dominated by Pseudomonas with low diversity; (b) less Pseudomonas and high diversity; and (c) dominated by Pseudomonas but high diversity. All neonates were healthy and gaining weight well at 1 month of age. Conclusions: Healthy, lactating, vegetarian, North Indian women who deliver at term gestation and have no recent exposure to antibiotics, have a unique milk microbiome dominated by Pseudomonas.
- Subjects
INDIA; DNA analysis; INDIAN women (Asians); COMPUTER software; LACTATION; ASEPSIS &; antisepsis; VEGETARIANISM; SCIENTIFIC observation; ACADEMIC medical centers; SEQUENCE analysis; BREAST milk; DURATION of pregnancy; ELECTROPHORESIS; TERTIARY care; GESTATIONAL age; MANN Whitney U Test; VAGINA; HUMAN microbiota; GENOMES; BREASTFEEDING; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; PSEUDOMONAS; DELIVERY (Obstetrics); COLLECTION &; preservation of biological specimens; METROPOLITAN areas; STERILIZATION (Disinfection); POLYMERASE chain reaction; BACTERIA
- Publication
Journal of Human Lactation, 2023, Vol 39, Issue 2, p343
- ISSN
0890-3344
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1177/08903344211048415