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- Title
Type 2 Diabetes Risk Alleles Are Associated With Reduced Size at Birth.
- Authors
Freathy, Rachel M.; Bennett, Amanda J.; Ring, Susan M.; Shields, Beverley; Groves, Christopher J.; Timpson, Nicholas J.; Weedon, Michael N.; Zeggini, Eleftheria; Lindgren, Cecilia M.; Lango, Hana; Perry, John R. B.; Pouta, Anneli; Ruokonen, Aimo; Hyppönen, Elina; Power, Chris; Elliott, Paul; Strachan, David P.; Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta; Smith, George Davey; McCarthy, Mark I.
- Abstract
OBJECTIVE--Low birth weight is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. The mechanisms underlying this association are unknown and may represent intrauterine programming or two phenotypes of one genotype. The fetal insulin hypothesis proposes that common genetic variants that reduce insulin secretion or action may predispose to type 2 diabetes and also reduce birth weight, since insulin is a key fetal growth factor. We tested whether common genetic variants that predispose to type 2 diabetes also reduce birth weight. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--We genotyped single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at five recently identified type 2 diabetes loci (CDKAL1, CDKN2A/B, HHEX-IDE, IGF2BP2, and SLC30A8) in 7,986 mothers and 19,200 offspring from four studies of white Europeans. We tested the association between maternal or fetal genotype at each locus and birth weight of the offspring. RESULTS--We found that type 2 diabetes risk alleles at the CDKAL1 and HHEX-IDE loci were associated with reduced birth weight when inherited by the fetus (21 g [95% CI 11-31], P = 2 X 10[sup -5], and 14 g [4-23], P = 0.004, lower birth weight per risk allele, respectively). The 4% of offspring carrying four risk alleles at these two loci were 80 g (95% CI 39-120) lighter at birth than the 8% carrying none (P[sub trend], = 5 X 10[sup -7]). There were no associations between birth weight and fetal genotypes at the three other loci or maternal genotypes at any locus. CONCLUSIONS--Our results are in keeping with the fetal insulin hypothesis and provide robust evidence that common disease-associated variants can alter size at birth directly through the fetal genotype. Diabetes 58:1428-1433, 2009
- Subjects
TYPE 2 diabetes; LOW birth weight; PHENOTYPES; INSULIN; GENETICS of diabetes
- Publication
Diabetes, 2009, Vol 58, Issue 6, p1428
- ISSN
0012-1797
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.2337/db08-1739