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- Title
Effects of biochar and chemical fertilizer amendment on diazotrophic abundance and community structure in rhizosphere and bulk soils.
- Authors
Zhao, Ziting; Zhang, Yanshu; Sun, Ping; Wang, Qing; Ruan, Yunze
- Abstract
Diazotrophs carry out biological nitrogen (N) fixation process that replenishes available soil N; it is unclear how soil diazotrophic communities respond to biochar and chemical fertilizer amendment in agricultural ecosystem. Herein, we studied the impacts of biochar and chemical fertilizer amendment on diazotrophic communities in rhizosphere and bulk soils using nifH gene. The field experiment included four treatments: control (CK), biochar (B), chemical NPK fertilizer (CF), and biochar + chemical fertilizer (B + CF). nifH gene abundance in rhizosphere soils ranged from 9.00 × 107 to 2.57 × 108 copies g−1 dry soil among the different treatments, which was 1.42–2.68 times higher compared with the bulk soils ranging from 5.83 × 107 to 1.19 × 108 copies g−1 dry soil. Single application of biochar increased the abundance of nifH gene, whereas chemical fertilizer addition significantly decreased it in the bulk and rhizosphere soils. Single biochar addition affected diazotrophic community composition in rhizosphere soil, but not in the bulk soil. However, both CF and B + CF treatments obviously changed the community structure of diazotrophs in both soils. Moreover, rhizosphere effect enhanced nifH gene abundance and significantly altered the diazotrophic community structure compared to bulk soil. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all nifH sequences were affiliated to the cyanobacteria, α-, β-, γ-, and δ- subclasses of the proteobacteria group. Soil nutrient availability rather than pH had significant impacts on diazotrophic community structure based on mantel test and redundancy analysis. Overall, biochar improves the diazotrophic abundance, while chemical fertilization negatively affects it by altering nutrient availability, and combined application of biochar and chemical fertilizer does not counteract the adverse influences of chemical fertilizer on nitrogen-fixing microorganisms.
- Subjects
FERTILIZERS; RHIZOSPHERE; BIOCHAR; SOIL amendments; SOILS; NITROGEN-fixing microorganisms; SOIL composition
- Publication
Environmental Science & Pollution Research, 2022, Vol 29, Issue 41, p62361
- ISSN
0944-1344
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s11356-022-20086-4