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- Title
Interferon-inducible antiviral effectors.
- Authors
Sadler, Anthony J.; Williams, Bryan R. G.
- Abstract
Since the discovery of interferons (IFNs), considerable progress has been made in describing the nature of the cytokines themselves, the signalling components that direct the cell response and their antiviral activities. Gene targeting studies have distinguished four main effector pathways of the IFN-mediated antiviral response: the Mx GTPase pathway, the 2',5'-oligoadenylate-synthetase-directed ribonuclease L pathway, the protein kinase R pathway and the ISG15 ubiquitin-like pathway. As discussed in this Review, these effector pathways individually block viral transcription, degrade viral RNA, inhibit translation and modify protein function to control all steps of viral replication. Ongoing research continues to expose additional activities for these effector proteins and has revealed unanticipated functions of the antiviral response.
- Subjects
THERAPEUTIC use of interferons; IMMUNOREGULATION; HUMAN chromosome abnormality diagnosis; CELLULAR mechanics; PROTEIN kinases; CELL physiology; PHYSIOLOGY; PROTEIN metabolism; ANIMAL experimentation; CARRIER proteins; CELL receptors; CELLULAR signal transduction; COMPARATIVE studies; CYTOKINES; ESTERASES; INTERFERONS; RESEARCH methodology; MEDICAL cooperation; RESEARCH; TRANSFERASES; VIRUS diseases; EVALUATION research
- Publication
Nature Reviews Immunology, 2008, Vol 8, Issue 7, p559
- ISSN
1474-1733
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1038/nri2314