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- Title
Pushing the limit: Resilience of an Arctic copepod to environmental fluctuations.
- Authors
Kvile, Kristina Øie; Ashjian, Carin; Feng, Zhixuan; Zhang, Jinlun; Ji, Rubao
- Abstract
Life history strategies such as multiyear life cycles, resting stages, and capital breeding allow species to inhabit regions with extreme and fluctuating environmental conditions. One example is the zooplankton species Calanus hyperboreus, whose life history is considered an adaptation to the short and unpredictable growth season in the central Arctic Ocean. This copepod is commonly described as a true Arctic endemic; however, by statistically analyzing compiled observational data, we show that abundances are relatively low and later stages and adults dominate in the central Arctic Ocean basins, indicating expatriation. Combining data analyses with individual‐based modeling and energy requirement estimation, we further demonstrate that while C. hyperboreus can reach higher abundances in areas with greater food availability outside the central Arctic basins, the species' resilience to environmental fluctuations enables the life cycle to be completed in the central Arctic basins. Specifically, the energy level required to reach the first overwintering stage—a prerequisite for successful local production—is likely met in some—but not all—years. This fine balance between success and failure indicates that C. hyperboreus functions as a peripheral population in the central Arctic basins and its abundance will likely increase in areas with improved growth conditions in response to climate change. By illustrating a key Arctic species' resilience to extreme and fluctuating environmental conditions, the results of this study have implications for projections of future biogeography and food web dynamics in the Arctic Ocean, a region experiencing rapid warming and sea ice loss. Calanus hyperboreus is a key zooplankton species in the Arctic marine food web, but it is unclear if individuals in the central Arctic Ocean are locally produced (scenario 1) or must be supplied through advection from more productive areas because the short growth season prevents individuals from reaching the first overwintering stage, C3 (scenario 2). We show that C. hyperboreus functions as a peripheral population pushing its range limits in the central Arctic, but that plastic life history strategies make the species preadapted to take advantage of improved growth conditions and potentially increase its abundance in the "new" central Arctic.
- Subjects
ECOLOGICAL resilience; COPEPODA; ANIMAL breeding; EXPATRIATION; CLIMATE change
- Publication
Global Change Biology, 2018, Vol 24, Issue 11, p5426
- ISSN
1354-1013
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/gcb.14419