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- Title
Ocular Anatomy, Ganglion Cell Distribution and Retinal Resolution of a Killer Whale (Orcinus orca).
- Authors
Mass, Alla M.; Supin, Alexander Y.; Abramov, Andrey V.; Mukhametov, Lev M.; Rozanova, Elena I.
- Abstract
Retinal topography, cell density and sizes of ganglion cells in the killer whale (Orcinus orca) were analyzed in retinal whole mounts stained with cresyl violet. A distinctive feature of the killer whale's retina is the large size of ganglion cells and low cell density compared to terrestrial mammals. The ganglion cell diameter ranged from 8 to 100 μm, with the majority of cells within a range of 20-40 μm. The topographic distribution of ganglion cells displayed two spots of high cell density located in the temporal and nasal quadrants, 20 mm from the optic disk. The high-density areas were connected by a horizontal belt-like area passing below the optic disk of the retina. Peak cell densities in these areas were evaluated. Mean peak cell densities were 334 and 288 cells/mm2 in the temporal and nasal high-density areas, respectively. With a posterior nodal distance of 19.5 mm, these high-density data predict a retinal resolution of 9.6' (3.1 cycles/deg.) and 12.6' (2.4 cycles/deg.) in the temporal and nasal areas, respectively, in water.
- Subjects
KILLER whale; EYE anatomy; RETINAL ganglion cells; CORNEAL topography; MARINE animal physiology; CETACEA
- Publication
Brain, Behavior & Evolution, 2013, Vol 81, Issue 1, p1
- ISSN
0006-8977
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1159/000341949