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- Title
Transgender/gender nonconforming adults' worries and coping actions related to discrimination: Relevance to pharmacist care.
- Authors
Lewis, Nancy J W; Batra, Peter; Misiolek, Brayden A; Rockafellow, Stuart; Tupper, Caitlin
- Abstract
Purpose Transgender/gender nonconforming (TGNC) adults' worries and coping actions related to discrimination by healthcare professionals were evaluated. Methods A community-led participatory approach was used to develop, implement, and analyze the survey. Respondents were recruited using a snowball recruitment method. The questionnaire measured population demographics, health status, worry about discrimination, perceptions of health professional competency in gender-affirming care, and actions taken to cope with discrimination. Analysis used mainly descriptive methods and chi-square analysis, where appropriate. Results There were 316 usable responses from a total of 325 responses. The typical respondent was young, white, lived within the Midwest and in urban/suburban areas. About half had college degrees and 41.7% had annual household incomes of less than $25,000. High degrees of depression risk and anxiety were reported along with low self-reported health status. Most used pharmacist services with 41.6% reporting worry about discrimination associated with such services. About half (52.5%) reported pharmacists as having very little or no competency in providing gender-affirming care. Common coping actions included delayed seeking of healthcare and non-disclosure of authentic gender identity. Thirteen percent of respondents avoided healthcare because of perceived purposeful embarrassment experienced at a pharmacy. Conclusion Worry about discrimination from pharmacists was common among TGNC adults and was associated with high levels of anxiety. The majority perceived pharmacists to lack competency in transgender care.
- Subjects
MENTAL depression risk factors; ANXIETY risk factors; PSYCHOLOGICAL adaptation; CHI-squared test; EMBARRASSMENT; GENDER identity; HEALTH services accessibility; HEALTH status indicators; HELP-seeking behavior; INCOME; METROPOLITAN areas; PHARMACISTS; QUESTIONNAIRES; STATISTICAL sampling; SELF-evaluation; SEXISM; SUBURBS; SURVEYS; WHITE people; TRANSGENDER people; JOB performance; PSYCHOSOCIAL factors; EDUCATIONAL attainment; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; ADULTS
- Publication
American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 2019, Vol 76, Issue 8, p512
- ISSN
1079-2082
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1093/ajhp/zxz023