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- Title
Enhancement of biotransformation of ginsenosides in white ginseng roots by aerobic co-cultivation of Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma reesei.
- Authors
Xie, Guo; Guo, Bian-Qin; Li, Xiao-Min; Liu, Shuai; Liu, Hong-Xia; Wang, Yong-Zhong
- Abstract
In the present work, the biotransformation of ginsenosides in white ginseng roots was innovatively investigated using the aerobic fermentation by the co-cultivation of Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma reesei. It is found that in the co-cultivation mode, the optimal nitrogen source was corn steep liquor, and the loading of ginseng powder and inoculation proportion of B. subtilis and T. reesei were 15 g/L and 1:4, respectively. The total ginsenoside yield and production of minor ginsenosides in the co-cultivation mode obviously enhanced in comparison to the monoculture mode. Meanwhile, the maximal total ginsenoside yield of 21.79% and high hydrolase activities were achieved using the staged inoculation at the inoculation proportion of 1:4 in the co-cultivation mode, the production of minor ginsenosides such as Rg3 and Rh1, Rh2 was significantly strengthened, and the pharmacological activities of the fermented solution obviously improved. The enhancement of ginsenoside transformation can be mainly attributed to hydrolysis of the produced hydrolases and metabolism of two probiotics. This result clearly reveals that using the staged inoculation in co-cultivation fermentation mode was favor of the ginsenoside biotransformation in ginseng due to non-synchronous cell growth and different metabolic pathways of both probiotics. This work can provide a novel method for enhancing ginsenoside transformation of ginseng. Key points • Co-cultivation fermentation significantly promoted ginsenoside biotransformation. • The staged inoculation in co-culture mode was an optimal operation method. • The pharmacological activity of the co-cultured solution was significantly enhanced.
- Subjects
GINSENG; BIOCONVERSION; TRICHODERMA reesei; GINSENOSIDES; BACILLUS subtilis; BIOTRANSFORMATION (Metabolism); PLANT growth promoting substances; CELL growth
- Publication
Applied Microbiology & Biotechnology, 2021, Vol 105, Issue 21/22, p8265
- ISSN
0175-7598
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s00253-021-11631-1