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- Title
Investigating the role of MRGPRC11 and capsaicin-sensitive afferent nerves in the anti-influenza effects exerted by SLIGRL-amide in murine airways.
- Authors
Chang, Amy Y.; Mann, Tracy S.; McFawn, Peter K.; Liang Han; Xinzhong Dong; Henry, Peter J.; Han, Liang; Dong, Xinzhong
- Abstract
<bold>Background: </bold>The hexapeptide SLIGRL-amide activates protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) and mas-related G protein-coupled receptor C11 (MRGPRC11), both of which are known to be expressed on populations of sensory nerves. SLIGRL-amide has recently been reported to inhibit influenza A (IAV) infection in mice independently of PAR-2 activation, however the explicit roles of MRGPRC11 and sensory nerves in this process are unknown. Thus, the principal aim of this study was to determine whether SLIGRL-amide-induced inhibition of influenza infection is mediated by MRGPRC11 and/or by capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves.<bold>Methods: </bold>The inhibitory effect of SLIGRL-amide on IAV infection observed in control mice in vivo was compared to effects produced in mice that did not express MRGPRC11 (mrgpr-cluster∆ (-/-) mice) or had impaired sensory nerve function (induced by chronic pre-treatment with capsaicin). Complementary mechanistic studies using both in vivo and ex vivo approaches investigated whether the anti-IAV activity of SLIGRL-amide was (1) mimicked by either activators of MRGPRC11 (BAM8-22) or by activators (acute capsaicin) or selected mediators (substance P, CGRP) of sensory nerve function, or (2) suppressed by inhibitors of sensory nerve function (e.g. NK1 receptor antagonists).<bold>Results: </bold>SLIGRL-amide and BAM8-22 dose-dependently inhibited IAV infection in mrgpr-cluster∆ (-/-) mice that do not express MRGPRC11. In addition, SLIGRL-amide and BAM8-22 each inhibited IAV infection in capsaicin-pre-treated mice that lack functional sensory nerves. Furthermore, the anti-IAV activity of SLIGRL-amide was not mimicked by the sensory neuropeptides substance P or CGRP, nor blocked by either NK1 (L-703,606, RP67580) and CGRP receptor (CGRP8-37) antagonists. Direct stimulation of airway sensory nerves through acute exposure to the TRPV1 activator capsaicin also failed to mimic SLIGRL-amide-induced inhibition of IAV infectivity. The anti-IAV activity of SLIGRL-amide was mimicked by the purinoceptor agonist ATP, a direct activator of mucus secretion from airway epithelial cells. Additionally, both SLIGRL-amide and ATP stimulated mucus secretion and inhibited IAV infectivity in mouse isolated tracheal segments.<bold>Conclusions: </bold>SLIGRL-amide inhibits IAV infection independently of MRGPRC11 and independently of capsaicin-sensitive, neuropeptide-releasing sensory nerves, and its secretory action on epithelial cells warrants further investigation.
- Subjects
AMIDES; INFLUENZA treatment; THERAPEUTIC use of capsaicin; G protein coupled receptors; NEUROPEPTIDES; MUCINS; THERAPEUTICS; TRACHEA innervation; ADENOSINE triphosphate; ANIMAL experimentation; ANTIVIRAL agents; BIOLOGICAL models; CAPSAICIN; CELL receptors; CELLULAR signal transduction; DISEASE susceptibility; DOSE-effect relationship in pharmacology; MICE; OLIGOPEPTIDES; PEPTIDES; RESEARCH funding; SENSORY neurons; TRACHEA; PHENOTYPES; INFLUENZA A virus; IN vitro studies; ORTHOMYXOVIRUS infections; PHARMACODYNAMICS; PREVENTION
- Publication
Respiratory Research, 2016, Vol 17, p1
- ISSN
1465-9921
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1186/s12931-016-0378-8