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- Title
Genome-wide analyses characterize shared heritability among cancers and identify novel cancer susceptibility regions.
- Authors
Lindström, Sara; Wang, Lu; Feng, Helian; Majumdar, Arunabha; Huo, Sijia; Macdonald, James; Harrison, Tabitha; Turman, Constance; Chen, Hongjie; Mancuso, Nicholas; Bammler, Theo; (BCAC), Breast Cancer Association Consortium; Gallinger, Steve; Gruber, Stephen B; Gunter, Marc J; Marchand, Loic Le; Moreno, Victor; Offit, Kenneth; (CORECT), Colorectal Transdisciplinary Study; Vivo, Immaculata De
- Abstract
Background The shared inherited genetic contribution to risk of different cancers is not fully known. In this study, we leverage results from 12 cancer genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to quantify pairwise genome-wide genetic correlations across cancers and identify novel cancer susceptibility loci. Methods We collected GWAS summary statistics for 12 solid cancers based on 376 759 participants with cancer and 532 864 participants without cancer of European ancestry. The included cancer types were breast, colorectal, endometrial, esophageal, glioma, head and neck, lung, melanoma, ovarian, pancreatic, prostate, and renal cancers. We conducted cross-cancer GWAS and transcriptome-wide association studies to discover novel cancer susceptibility loci. Finally, we assessed the extent of variant-specific pleiotropy among cancers at known and newly identified cancer susceptibility loci. Results We observed widespread but modest genome-wide genetic correlations across cancers. In cross-cancer GWAS and transcriptome-wide association studies, we identified 15 novel cancer susceptibility loci. Additionally, we identified multiple variants at 77 distinct loci with strong evidence of being associated with at least 2 cancer types by testing for pleiotropy at known cancer susceptibility loci. Conclusions Overall, these results suggest that some genetic risk variants are shared among cancers, though much of cancer heritability is cancer-specific and thus tissue-specific. The increase in statistical power associated with larger sample sizes in cross-disease analysis allows for the identification of novel susceptibility regions. Future studies incorporating data on multiple cancer types are likely to identify additional regions associated with the risk of multiple cancer types.
- Subjects
CANCER susceptibility; GENOME-wide association studies; GENETIC variation; DISEASE risk factors; HERITABILITY; GENETIC correlations
- Publication
JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2023, Vol 115, Issue 6, p712
- ISSN
0027-8874
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1093/jnci/djad043