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- Title
Alkali-Activated Binders Using Bottom Ash from Waste-to-Energy Plants and Aluminium Recycling Waste.
- Authors
Maldonado-Alameda, Alex; Mañosa, Jofre; Giro-Paloma, Jessica; Formosa, Joan; Chimenos, Josep Maria; Crea, Fortunato; Candamano, Sebastiano
- Abstract
Alkali-activated binders (AABs) stand out as a promising alternative to replace ordinary Portland cement (OPC) due to the possibility of using by-products and wastes in their manufacturing. This paper assessed the potential of weathered bottom ash (WBA) from waste-to-energy plants and PAVAL® (PV), a secondary aluminium recycling process by-product, as precursors of AABs. WBA and PV were mixed at weight ratios of 98/2, 95/5, and 90/10. A mixture of waterglass (WG) and NaOH at different concentrations (4 and 6 M) was used as the alkaline activator solution. The effects of increasing NaOH concentration and PV content were evaluated. Alkali-activated WBA/PV (AA-WBA/PV) binders were obtained. Selective chemical extractions and physicochemical characterization revealed the formation of C-S-H, C-A-S-H, and (N,C)-A-S-H gels. Increasing the NaOH concentration and PV content increased porosity and reduced compressive strength (25.63 to 12.07 MPa). The leaching potential of As and Sb from AA-WBA/PV exceeded the threshold for acceptance in landfills for non-hazardous waste.
- Subjects
ALUMINUM recycling; WASTE recycling; WASTE products as fuel; PORTLAND cement; ALKALINE solutions; REFUSE as fuel; WASTE products
- Publication
Applied Sciences (2076-3417), 2021, Vol 11, Issue 9, p3840
- ISSN
2076-3417
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/app11093840