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- Title
Hydrogen embrittlement of additively manufactured metallic materials.
- Authors
Vojtěch, Dalibor; Kačenka, Zdeněk; Strakosova, Angelina
- Abstract
Generally, hydrogen embrittlement is caused by the absorption of hydrogen in susceptible metals leading to a reduction of metal ductility and load-bearing capability. When a hydrogen-embrittled material is loaded, cracking or even sudden catastrophic brittle failure can occur even far below its yield stress. Titanium alloys and high-strength steels are very susceptible to this kind of damage. One of the most widely used processes of additive manufacturing is Selective Laser Melting (SLM) of metallic powders. It uses a laser beam to melt the metallic powder within a powder-bed layer and to consolidate it into a solid layer of the final product. The final product is accomplished by the successive deposition of new powder layers and their subsequent sequential melting by laser beam controlled by the selected scanning strategy. Due to the laser melting of small volumes of powder and rapid heat transfer to surrounding cold powder, very high cooling rates are reached during SLM. It results in the occurrence of very fine microstructures, high internal thermal stresses, large amount of grain boundaries, defects, interfaces and internal porosity in the SLM-fabricated materials. The presented work is focused on two types of materials manufactured by SLM, Ti-6Al-4V alloy and X3NiCoMoTi 18-9-5 maraging steel. The materials were exposed to hydrogen-containing environment under controlled conditions, followed by detailed studies of their microstructures and mechanical properties. Conventionally wrought alloys were used as reference materials. It is demonstrated that the additively manufactured alloys show a strongly enhanced susceptibility to hydrogen trapping and embrittlement in comparison with the conventionally prepared wrought materials. Such susceptibility should be taken into account when using additive manufacturing for production of components exposed to hydrogen-containing environments, for example in power, chemical, petrochemical industries, or even in medical implants (chemical, electrochemical surface treatments, electrochemical corrosion).
- Subjects
THREE-dimensional printing; EMBRITTLEMENT; DUCTILITY; SELECTIVE laser sintering; HEAT transfer; MICROSTRUCTURE
- Publication
Materials & Technologies / Materiali in Tehnologije, 2023, Vol 57, Issue 5, p91
- ISSN
1580-2949
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.17222/mit.1022.2023