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- Title
Relationship Between Primary Language Spoken at Home and Blood Lead Levels in Children from Northeast Ohio, United States: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
- Authors
Shakya, Sunita; Ojha, Sujata; White, P. Cooper; Bhatta, Madhav P.
- Abstract
To estimate the prevalence and incidence of blood lead levels (BLL) ≥ 5 and ≥ 3.5 µg/dl and assess their association with primary language spoken at home in Northeast Ohio, U.S. children, a retrospective cohort study was conducted among 19,753 children aged < 6 years. Primary language spoken at home was used to define children from resettled refugee families (RRFs) and non-RRFs. The overall BLL ≥ 5 and ≥ 3.5 µg/dl prevalence were 3.22 and 6.10%, and incidence rates were 2.25 and 3.64 cases per 100 person-years, respectively. Compared to children from non-RRFs children from RRFs were 3.62-times [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.84, 7.13] as likely to have BLL ≥ 5 µg/dl prevalence, and 6.72-times [95% CI 2.60, 17.40] as likely to have BLL ≥ 5 µg/dl incidence during the follow-up period. The higher prevalence and incidence of BLL acquired in the United States among children from RRFs warrant further research to identify specific environmental and sociocultural lead sources for these children.
- Subjects
OHIO; LANGUAGE classification; HOME environment; PATIENT aftercare; CONFIDENCE intervals; CHILDREN'S hospitals; MULTIVARIATE analysis; LANGUAGE &; languages; RETROSPECTIVE studies; EMIGRATION &; immigration; ECOLOGY; CLINICS; BLOOD collection; RACE; REGRESSION analysis; REFUGEES; ELECTRONIC health records; MEDICAL appointments; METROPOLITAN areas; LEAD; LONGITUDINAL method; PROXY; POISSON distribution
- Publication
Journal of Immigrant & Minority Health, 2023, Vol 25, Issue 4, p733
- ISSN
1557-1912
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s10903-022-01432-7