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- Title
EPA-Registered Repellents for Mosquitoes Transmitting Emerging Viral Disease.
- Authors
Patel, Radha V.; Shaeer, Kristy M.; Patel, Pooja; Garmaza, Aleksey; Wiangkham, Kornwalee; Franks, Rachel B.; Pane, Olivia; Carris, Nicholas W.
- Abstract
In many parts of the United States, mosquitoes were previously nuisance pests. However, they now represent a potential threat in the spread of viral diseases. The Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, and Culex species mosquitoes are endemic to the United States and together may transmit a variety of viral diseases of growing concern, including West Nile virus, chikungunya, dengue fever, and Zika virus. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA) recommend N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide ( DEET) as a first-line mosquito repellent, but for patients refusing to use DEET or other conventional repellents, guidance is limited to any EPA-registered product. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of the literature to identify which EPA-registered personal mosquito repellent provides the best protection from A. aegypti, A. albopictus, and Culex spp. mosquitoes. We abstracted data from 62 published reports of EPA-registered mosquito repellents. The conventional repellent picaridin has the strongest data to support its use as a second-line agent, while IR3535 and oil of lemon eucalyptus are reasonably effective natural products. Citronella, catnip, and 2-undecanone offer limited protection or have limited data. These results can be used by pharmacists and other health care professionals to advise patients on the selection of an EPA-registered mosquito repellent. Regardless of the repellent chosen, it is vital for patients to follow all instructions/precautions in the product labeling to ensure safe and effective use.
- Subjects
INSECT baits &; repellents; MOSQUITO control equipment; UNITED States. Environmental Protection Agency; WEST Nile fever transmission; CHIKUNGUNYA; DENGUE; ZIKA virus infections; CULEX; INFECTIOUS disease transmission
- Publication
Pharmacotherapy, 2016, Vol 36, Issue 12, p1272
- ISSN
0277-0008
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1002/phar.1854