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- Title
Moderate Exercise Attenuates the Loss of Skeletal Muscle Mass That Occurs With Intentional Caloric Restriction—Induced Weight Loss in Older, Overweight to Obese Adults.
- Authors
Chomentowski, Peter; Dubé, John J.; Amati, Francesca; Stefanovic-Racic, Maja; Shanjian Zhu; Toledo, Frederico G. S.; Goodpaster, Bret H.
- Abstract
Background. Aging is associated with a loss of muscle mass and increased body fat. The effects of diet-induced weight loss on muscle mass in older adults are not clear. Purpose. This study examined the effects of diet-induced weight loss, alone and in combination with moderate aerobic exercise, on skeletal muscle mass in older adults. Methods. Twenty-nine overweight to obese (body mass index = 31.8 ± 3.3 kg/m²) older (67.2 ± 4.2 years) men (n = 13) and women (n = 16) completed a 4-month intervention consisting of diet-induced weight loss alone (WL; n = 11) or with exercise (WLIEX: n = 18). The WL intervention consisted of a low-fat, 500-1,000 kcal/d caloric restriction. The WL/EX intervention included the WL intervention with the addition of aerobic exercise, moderate-intensity walking, three to five times per week for 35-45 minutes per session. Whole-body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. thigh computed tomography (CT). and percutaneous muscle biopsy were performed to assess changes in skeletal muscle mass at the whole-body, regional, and cellular level, respectively. Results. Mixed analysis of variance demonstrated that both groups had similar decreases in bodyweight (WL. -9.2% ± 1.0%: WL/EX, -9.1% ± 1.0%) and whole-body fat mass (WL. -16.5%, WL/EX, -20.7%). However, whole-body fat- free mass decreased significantly (p < .05) in WL (-4.3% ± 1.2%) but not in WL/EX (-1.1% ± 1.0%). Thigh muscle cross-sectional area by CT decreased in both groups (WL, -5.2% ± 1.1%; WL/EX, -3.0% ± 1.0%) and was not statistically different between groups. Type I muscle fiber area decreased in WL (-19.2% ± 7.9%, p = .01) but remained unchanged in WLIEX (3.4% ± 7.5%). Similar patterns were observed in type II fibers (WL. -16.6% ± 4.0%; WL/EX, -0.2% ± 6.5%). Conclusion. Diet-induced weight loss significantly decreased muscle mass in older adults. However, the addition of moderate aerobic exercise to intentional weight loss attenuated the loss of muscle mass.
- Subjects
MUSCLE abnormalities; EXERCISE therapy; WEIGHT loss; HEALTH of older people; AEROBIC exercises
- Publication
Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences & Medical Sciences, 2009, Vol 64A, Issue 5, p575
- ISSN
1079-5006
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1093/gerona/glp007