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- Title
Engineering new limits to magnetostriction through metastability in iron-gallium alloys.
- Authors
Meisenheimer, P. B.; Steinhardt, R. A.; Sung, S. H.; Williams, L. D.; Zhuang, S.; Nowakowski, M. E.; Novakov, S.; Torunbalci, M. M.; Prasad, B.; Zollner, C. J.; Wang, Z.; Dawley, N. M.; Schubert, J.; Hunter, A. H.; Manipatruni, S.; Nikonov, D. E.; Young, I. A.; Chen, L. Q.; Bokor, J.; Bhave, S. A.
- Abstract
Magnetostrictive materials transduce magnetic and mechanical energies and when combined with piezoelectric elements, evoke magnetoelectric transduction for high-sensitivity magnetic field sensors and energy-efficient beyond-CMOS technologies. The dearth of ductile, rare-earth-free materials with high magnetostrictive coefficients motivates the discovery of superior materials. Fe1−xGax alloys are amongst the highest performing rare-earth-free magnetostrictive materials; however, magnetostriction becomes sharply suppressed beyond x = 19% due to the formation of a parasitic ordered intermetallic phase. Here, we harness epitaxy to extend the stability of the BCC Fe1−xGax alloy to gallium compositions as high as x = 30% and in so doing dramatically boost the magnetostriction by as much as 10x relative to the bulk and 2x larger than canonical rare-earth based magnetostrictors. A Fe1−xGax − [Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3]0.7−[PbTiO3]0.3 (PMN-PT) composite magnetoelectric shows robust 90° electrical switching of magnetic anisotropy and a converse magnetoelectric coefficient of 2.0 × 10−5 s m−1. When optimally scaled, this high coefficient implies stable switching at ~80 aJ per bit. In this work, Meisenheimer et al. use careful epitaxial growth of FeGa thin films to achieve a metastable state with remarkably high magetostrictive coefficients. Materials with strong magnetostrictive properties are vital components in magnetoelectric multiferroic heterostructures, with considerable potential for use a variety of technologies.
- Subjects
LEAD titanate; MAGNETOSTRICTION; GALLIUM alloys; MAGNETIC control; RELAXOR ferroelectrics; MAGNETIC materials; ALLOYS; METASTABLE states
- Publication
Nature Communications, 2021, Vol 12, Issue 1, p1
- ISSN
2041-1723
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1038/s41467-021-22793-x