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- Title
Distribution, characterization, and human health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Ovia River, Southern Nigeria.
- Authors
Tongo, Isioma; Ezemonye, Lawrence; Akpeh, Kingsley
- Abstract
The levels and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface water, sediment, and fish ( Clarias gariepinus) samples from Ovia River, Southern Nigeria, were evaluated, to assess the contamination profile, dietary intake, and human health risks associated with exposure. Results showed that naphthalene, acenaphthylene, and fluoranthene were the most dominant contaminant in water, sediment, and fish, respectively, with mean concentrations (μg/L) of 3.08, 45.4, and 90.7. Spatial distribution showed high occurrence of PAHs in Ekenwan, the downstream station, for all the matrices. Source identification using multivariate analysis revealed mixed patterns of pyrogenic and petrogenic origins. Estimated daily intake (EDI) of PAHs through fish consumption ranged from 2.18 × 10 to 5.23 × 10 mg/kg/day; values were however lower than the reference dose (RfD) indicating low risk. Estimated values for hazard quotients (HQs) and hazard index (HI) for both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were below 1 indicating low risk through dietary and non-dietary exposure to water, sediment, and fish from Ovia River. However, estimated HI values for direct ingestion of sediment were above 1, indicating the possibility of non-carcinogenic health risk from exposure. Carcinogenic risk indices also indicated low risk from fish consumption. In spite of the assessed low risk from exposure, continuous monitoring of PAH levels in this water body is imperative to prevent future human health effects.
- Subjects
NIGERIA; RISK assessment of water pollution; POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbon analysis; CLARIAS gariepinus; SEDIMENT sampling; HEALTH risk assessment; RIVERS
- Publication
Environmental Monitoring & Assessment, 2017, Vol 189, Issue 6, p1
- ISSN
0167-6369
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s10661-017-5931-5