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- Title
Mono-, Bi-, and Tri-Metallic DES Are Prepared from Nb, Zr, and Mo for n-Butane Selective Oxidation via VPO Catalyst.
- Authors
Faizan, Muhammad; Niazi, Kifayat Ullah Khan; Nawaz, Hasnain; Muhammad, Niaz; Li, Hao; Dai, Fei; Zhang, Ruirui; Liu, Ruixia; Zhang, Suojiang
- Abstract
In recent work, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as ionic liquid analogues have been abundantly used in catalysis. Herein, vanadium phosphorus oxide (VPO) catalysts were synthesized from mono-, bi-, and tri- metallic DES of Nb, Zr, and Mo metal dopants as structure-directing agents and electronic promoters for n-butane selective oxidation towards maleic anhydride. Higher MA selectivity and larger n-butane conversion was successfully obtained using the newly developed catalysts, while oxidation by-product COx (CO, CO2) was minimized. Characterization techniques including FTIR, DSC, XRD, TEM, SEM, EDS, Raman spectroscopy, TGA, XPS, and NH3-TPD were employed to fully characterize the DESs, precursors and catalysts. This work led to an increase of 7.8% in MA mass yield with 16% more n-butane conversion as compared to an unpromoted VPO catalyst. Moreover, the utilization of a low-carbon alkane brought in a green impact on the chemical plant as well as the environment.
- Subjects
MALEIC anhydride; CATALYSTS; VANADIUM oxide; OXIDATION; PHYTOCHEMICALS; BISMUTH
- Publication
Processes, 2021, Vol 9, Issue 9, p1487
- ISSN
2227-9717
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/pr9091487