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- Title
Impact of COVID-related Discrimination on Psychological Distress and Sleep Disturbances across Race-Ethnicity.
- Authors
Strassle, Paula D.; Wilkerson, Miciah J.; Stewart, Anita L.; Forde, Allana T.; Jackson, Chandra L.; Singh, Rupsha; Nápoles, Anna María
- Abstract
COVID-related discrimination towards historically marginalized racial-ethnic groups in the United States has been well-documented; however, its impact on psychological distress and sleep (overall and within specific racial-ethnic groups) is largely unknown. We used data from our nationally representative, online survey of 5,500 American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian, Black/African American, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, Latino, White, and multiracial adults, conducted from 12/2020-2/2021. Participants were asked how often they experienced discriminatory behaviors "because they think you might have COVID-19" (modified Everyday Discrimination Scale). Psychological distress was captured as having experienced anxiety-depression symptoms (Patient Health Questionairre-4, PHQ-4), perceived stress (modified Perceived Stress Scale), or loneliness-isolation ("How often have you felt lonely and isolated?"). Sleep disturbances were measured using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Information System Short Form Sleep Disturbance scale (PROMIS-SF 4a). Overall, 22.1% reported COVID-related discriminatory behaviors (sometimes/always: 9.7%; rarely: 12.4%). 48.4% of participants reported anxiety-depression symptoms (moderate/severe: 23.7% mild: 24.8%), 62.4% reported feeling stressed (moderate/severe: 34.3%; mild: 28,1%), 61.0% reported feeling lonely-isolated (fairly often/very often: 21.3%; almost never/sometimes: 39.7%), and 35.4% reported sleep disturbances (moderate/severe:19.8%; mild: 15.6%). Discrimination was only associated with increased psychological distress among racial-ethnic minorities. For example, COVID-related discrimination was strongly associated with anxiety-depression among Black/African American adults (mild: aOR=2.12, 95% CI=1.43-5.17; moderate/severe: aOR=5.19, 95% CI=3.35-8.05), but no association was observed among White or multiracial adults. Mitigating pandemic-related discrimination could help alleviate mental and sleep health disparities occurring among minoritized racial-ethnic groups.
- Subjects
UNITED States; ALASKA Natives; HAWAIIANS; PSYCHOLOGICAL distress; AFRICAN Americans; INCOME; RESEARCH funding; PACIFIC Islanders; HISPANIC Americans; QUESTIONNAIRES; MULTIPLE regression analysis; WHITE people; ANXIETY; LONELINESS; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; ODDS ratio; MINORITIES; DISCRIMINATION (Sociology); CONFIDENCE intervals; DATA analysis software; COVID-19; SLEEP disorders; COVID-19 pandemic; NATIVE Americans; MENTAL depression; SOCIAL isolation; EDUCATIONAL attainment
- Publication
Journal of Racial & Ethnic Health Disparities, 2024, Vol 11, Issue 3, p1374
- ISSN
2197-3792
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s40615-023-01614-5