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- Title
Social pressure factors aimed at football referees in Turkey: a study on the 2<sup>nd</sup> league, 3<sup>rd</sup> league and amateur league referees.
- Authors
ZELYURT, MERT KEREM; ATAÇOCUĞU, MUAZZEZ ŞAŞMAZ
- Abstract
In this study, the football fans, club managers, coaches, football players and sports media have been problematized as various kinds of social stress elements against the referees. The objective of the study is to find out the most dominant social stress elements on the referees of the two minor Professional leagues and the amateur league. The implementation of the study includes questionnaire and depth interview data. In the training of the referees from the county of Istanbul in April, 2014, 55 referees in total were conducted a questionnaire. The data acquired from that are evaluated at SPSS statistics program. The in depth interviews made with 9 referees have been subjected to content analysis. It is obviously seen 93.5% of the subjects in total (29+21+2) stated that they have been exposed to verbal or physical assault by football fans (Table 2); 20% of the subjects (1+3+7 individuals) have been exposed to assaults by club managers and coaches (Table 3); 38% of the subjects (21 individuals) have been exposed to physical assaults by football players (Table 4). The most evident of the factors that create stress on the referees are indicated as national sports media 14,5% (8 individuals), managers 14.5% (8 individuals), coaches 18.2% (10 individuals), fans 29% (4+12 individuals), football players 34,5% (4+15 individuals), insufficient safety measures 50.9% (9+19 individuals), respectively (Table 5). It has been concluded from the interviews that troubled football players constitute an important stress element. Club managers on the other hand can be a kind of potential stress element due to their close relation with the federation. Sports media has been concluded not to form a stress element when compared with the first professional league. However, insufficient safety measures have been concluded to form unfavorable fixture conditions.
- Subjects
SOCIAL pressure; SOCCER referees; FOOTBALL; AMATEUR sports; QUALITY of work life; MASS media &; sports; FOOTBALL players; JOB stress; PSYCHOLOGY
- Publication
Journal of Physical Education & Sport, 2017, Vol 17, p107
- ISSN
2247-8051
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.7752/jpes.2017.s1017