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- Title
State-of-the-Art on Advancements in Carbon–Phenolic and Carbon–Elastomeric Ablatives.
- Authors
Kumar, Amit; Ranjan, Chikesh; Kumar, Kaushik; Reddy, M. Harinatha; Babu, B. Sridhar; Katiyar, Jitendra Kumar
- Abstract
Ablative composites serve as sacrificial materials, protecting underlying materials from high-temperature environments by endothermic reactions. These materials undergo various phenomena, including thermal degradation, pyrolysis, gas generation, char formation, erosion, gas flow, and different modes of heat transfer (such as conduction, convection, and radiation), all stemming from these endothermic reactions. These phenomena synergize to form a protective layer over the underlying materials. Carbon, with its superb mechanical properties and various available forms, is highlighted, alongside phenolics known for good adhesion and fabric ability and elastomers valued for flexibility and resilience. This study focuses on recent advancements in carbon-and-phenolic and carbon-and-elastomeric composites, considering factors such as erosion speed; high-temperature resistance; tensile, bending, and compressive strength; fiber–matrix interaction; and char formation. Various authors' calculations regarding the percentage reduction in linear ablation rate (LAR) and mass ablation rate (MAR) are discussed. These analyses inform potential advancements in the field of carbon/phenolic and carbon/elastomeric ablative composites.
- Subjects
ENDOTHERMIC reactions; HEAT transfer; GAS flow; MATERIAL erosion; COMPRESSIVE strength; CARBON composites
- Publication
Polymers (20734360), 2024, Vol 16, Issue 11, p1461
- ISSN
2073-4360
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/polym16111461