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- Title
Structure-Guided Design of a High-Affinity Platelet Integrin α<sub>IIb</sub>β<sub>3</sub> Receptor Antagonist That Disrupts Mg<sup>2+</sup> Binding to the MIDAS.
- Authors
Zhu, Jieqing; Choi, Won-Seok; McCoy, Joshua G.; Negri, Ana; Zhu, Jianghai; Naini, Sarasija; Li, Jihong; Shen, Min; Huang, Wenwei; Bougie, Daniel; Rasmussen, Mark; Aster, Richard; Thomas, Craig J.; Filizola, Marta; Springer, Timothy A.; Coller, Barry S.
- Abstract
An integrin found on platelets, αIIbβ3 mediates platelet aggregation, and αIIbβ3 antagonists are effective antithrombotic agents in the clinic. Ligands bind to integrins in part by coordinating a magnesium ion (Mg2+) located in the b subunit metal ion-dependent adhesion site (MIDAS). Drugs patterned on the integrin ligand sequence Arg-Gly-Asp have a basic moiety that binds the aIIb subunit and a carboxyl group that coordinates the MIDAS Mg2+ in the β3 subunits. They induce conformational changes in the β3 subunit that may have negative consequences such as exposing previously hidden epitopes and inducing the active conformation of the receptor. We recently reported an inhibitor of αIIbβ3 (RUC-1) that binds exclusively to the aIIb subunit; here, we report the structure-based design and synthesis of RUC-2, a RUC-1 derivative with a 100-fold higher affinity. RUC-2 does not induce major conformational changes in β3 as judged by monoclonal antibody binding, light scattering, gel chromatography, electron microscopy, and a receptor priming assay. X-ray crystallography of the RUC-2-αIIbβ3 headpiece complex in 1 mM calcium ion (Ca2+)/5 mM Mg2+ at 2.6 Å revealed that RUC-2 binds to aIIb the way RUC-1 does, but in addition, it binds to the β3 MIDAS residue glutamic acid 220, thus displacing Mg2+ from the MIDAS. When the Mg2+ concentration was increased to 20 mM, however, Mg2+ was identified in the MIDAS and RUC-2 was absent. RUC-2's ability to inhibit ligand binding and platelet aggregation was diminished by increasing the Mg2+ concentration. Thus, RUC-2 inhibits ligand binding by a mechanism different from that of all other αIIbβ3antagonists and may offer advantages as a therapeutic agent.
- Publication
Science Translational Medicine, 2012, Vol 4, Issue 125, p1
- ISSN
1946-6234
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1126/scitranslmed.3003576