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- Title
The Effects of Tramadol and Levobupivacaine Infiltration on Postoperative Analgesia in Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery and Septorhinoplasty.
- Authors
Hilmi Koputan, Muhammet; Apan, Alparslan; Öz, Gökşen; Arzu Köse, Emine
- Abstract
Objective: The aim of this prospective, randomized, double-blind study was to investigate the postoperative analgesic effects of levobupivacaine or tramadol infiltration administered prior to surgery in septorhinoplasty (SRP) or endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Material and Methods: Sixty ASA class I-III adult patients electively undergoing SRP or ESC were included the study. Induction of anesthesia was performed with propofol 2-2.5 mg/kg, rocuronium bromide 0.6 mg/kg and fentanyl 1 µg/kg i.v. Sevoflurane 2% with an N2O/O2 mixture (FiO2: 35%) was used for maintenance. Tramadol 0.5 mg/kg (Group T: n=20), levobupivacaine 0.25% (Group L: n=20) and lidocaine 1% (Group C: n=20) in a 1/200,000 adrenaline solution was infiltrated into the surgical area 10 min before the operation (5 mL for ESS and 10 mL for SRP). All patients received fentanyl (bolus dose: 15 µg and lockout interval: 10 min) with a patient-controlled analgesia device during the postoperative period. Pain was assessed using an 11-point visual analogue scale (VAS) every 4 h for the first 24 h. Analgesic requirements, opioid consumption and side effects in the postoperative period were recorded. Results: There was a statistically significant decrease in postoperative fentanyl demand and consumption in patients receiving tramadol. Fentanyl doses in the 24 h period were 345.2±168.8 µg, 221.1±120.6 µg and 184.1±130.3 µg (p=0.002) for the Groups C, L and T, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in fentanyl requirements between the tramadol and control groups at the 16, 20 and 24 h time points (p=0.012, p=0.004 and p=0.002, respectively). The side effect profiles were similar. Conclusions: Our study indicates that the preemptive tramadol infiltration technique is an efficient, practical and safe alternative to levobupivacaine in ESS or SRP operations.
- Subjects
TURKEY; PARANASAL sinus surgery; NASAL septum; ENDOSCOPY; ANALGESIA; ANALYSIS of variance; CHI-squared test; FISHER exact test; LOCAL anesthetics; LONGITUDINAL method; NONPARAMETRIC statistics; POSTOPERATIVE period; STATISTICS; RANDOMIZED controlled trials; VISUAL analog scale; BLIND experiment; TRAMADOL; DATA analysis software; SURGERY
- Publication
Balkan Medical Journal, 2012, Vol 29, Issue 4, p391
- ISSN
2146-3123
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.5152/balkanmedj.2012.027