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- Title
Smoking as a Risk Factor for Very Late Recurrence in Surgically Resected Early-Stage Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
- Authors
Cho, Wei-Ru; Wang, Chih-Chi; Tsai, Mu-Jung; Lin, Chih-Che; Yen, Yi-Hao; Chen, Chien Hung; Kuo, Yuan-Hung; Yao, Chih-Chien; Hung, Chao-Hung; Huang, Pao-Yuan; Liu, An-Che; Tsai, Ming-Chao
- Abstract
Background: The risk of first recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) within years 5 to 10 after curative hepatectomy remains unknown. We aimed to assess the incidence and prognostic factors for very late recurrence among patients who achieved 5 years' recurrence-free survival (RFS) after primary resection. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 337 patients with early-stage HCC underwent primary tumor resection and achieved more than 5 years' RFS. Results: A total of 77 patients (22.8%) developed very late recurrence. The cumulative very late recurrence rate increased from 6.9% and 11.7% to 16.6% at 6, 7, and 8 years, respectively. Patients stopped smoking had a higher rate of very late RFS. Conclusions: The high rates of very late recurrence in HCC indicate that patients warrant continued surveillance, even after 5 recurrence-free years. Moreover, smoking is a risk factor for very late HCC recurrence, and quitting smoking may reduce the risk of very late recurrence.
- Subjects
PUBLIC health surveillance; CANCER relapse; RESEARCH funding; SMOKING; EARLY detection of cancer; RETROSPECTIVE studies; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; TUMOR classification; HEPATOCELLULAR carcinoma; DISEASE risk factors
- Publication
Clinical Medicine Insights: Oncology, 2024, p1
- ISSN
1179-5549
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1177/11795549241228232