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- Title
Assessment of Water Quality of Nainital Lake and surrounding Springs, using Water Quality Index (WQI) and Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI).
- Authors
Pathak, Bhumika; Upadhyay, Rajeev; Bakshi, Shahditta; Bisht, Harish; Kotlia, Bahadur Singh
- Abstract
In the last few decades, the health of Nainital Lake in the Nainital town (Uttarakhand) has degraded severely due to anthropogenic activity and there is no regular monitoring of the lake in terms of the quality index. We made an attempt to understand the hydrochemical facies and Water Quality Index (WQI) of the lake and nearby springs. The water quality parameters, selected for computation of the WQI were mainly pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Electrical conductivity (EC), major cations, e.g., Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, major anions, e.g., F-, Cl-, Br, SO4 2-, NO3, PO4, alkalinity and heavy metals (Pb, Ni, Mn, Fe, Cu, Cr, Co, Cd, Zn) from eight different locations, four of them from Nainital Lake water and remaining four from nearby springs. This is the first ever study carried out using WQI and HPI indices water and surrounding springs. Additionally, we have also measured Pb, Ni, Mn, Fe, Cu, Cr, Co, Cd and Zn using the Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) to compute Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI). Here, we present two frequently used water quality indices rating scales, i.e., Ramkrishnaiah et al. (2009) and Yadav et al. (2010). The calculated index of the water samples was compared with the standard values of the World Health Organization (2011) and BIS (Bureau of Indian Standard, 1999). Our results indicate that the lake water is highly polluted and is not suitable for drinking without proper purification. This is an upsetting state of affair and the main concern is whether the lake water is properly purified before it is used by about 50,000 residents living around the lake.
- Subjects
WORLD Health Organization; HEAVY metals; HEAVY metal toxicology; WATER quality; HEAVY metal content of water; WATER springs; WATER use; LAKES
- Publication
Earth Science India, 2021, Vol 14, Issue 1, p28
- ISSN
0974-8350
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.31870/ESI.14.1.2021.3