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- Title
THE BIOACCUMULATION AND METABOLIC EFFECTS OF CIPROFLOXACIN-HCL AND CIPROFLOXACIN FREE BASE IN YELLOW LUPIN (Lupinus luteus L.) SEEDLINGS.
- Authors
SIKORSKI, Ł.; BACIAK, M.; PIOTROWICZ-CIEŚLAK, A. I.; MICHALCZYK, D. J.; BĘŚ, A.; ADOMAS, B.
- Abstract
Two forms of ciprofloxacins (CIP) are used in animal husbandry and veterinary medicine, and may occur in manure-fertilized soil as pollutants: CIP-HCl salt, readily dissolvable in water, and the free base CIP, practically water-insoluble. The aim of this study was to compare the phytotoxicity of both forms of CIP to yellow lupin seedlings (Lupinus luteus L.). In eight-day-old lupin seedlings higher amounts of both water-soluble and insoluble CIP were detected in roots, compared to shoots. The amount of CIP in plants treated with CIP-HCl was 1.5 times higher compared to plants treated with the insoluble, free base form. Nevertheless, both forms of the antibiotic caused very similar reduction in lupin shoot length, root length and seedling fresh mass as well as very similar increases in seedling dry mass. Activity of guaiacol peroxidase in control seedlings was 14.09 and 49.25 U in roots and shoots, respectively, and in plants treated with CIPs it was highly dependent on the antibiotic dose. Guaiacol peroxidase activity was stimulated in plants treated with 5 mM CIP of any kind (water-soluble or insoluble), and this activation was particularly visible in roots, while the enzyme activity decreased to nearly zero in both roots and shoots of plants treated with CIPs at the level of or above 20 mM. The activity of superoxide dismutase in roots was severely repressed by even the lowest dose of any CIP, while it was slightly stimulated in shoots by any of the CIPs at the level not exceeding 10 mM. The following carbohydrates were detected in roots of lupin grown in soil contaminated with CIPs (water-soluble and insoluble): Dchiro- inositol, D-pinitol, myo-inositol, galactose, glucose and sucrose. The content of myo-inositol and sucrose in lupin roots increased with increasing concentrations of soluble and insoluble CIPs. Neither of the forms of the drug clearly affected the content of D-chiro-inositol, D-pinitol, glucose and galactose. Both forms of CIP showed very similar effects on lupin seedlings, however, the accumulation of CIPHCl was a little higher compared to the free base form of this antibiotic.
- Subjects
BIOACCUMULATION in plants; METABOLISM; CIPROFLOXACIN; LUPINUS luteus; SEEDLINGS; PHYTOTOXICITY
- Publication
Applied Ecology & Environmental Research, 2017, Vol 15, Issue 4, p1287
- ISSN
1589-1623
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.15666/aeer/1504_12871300