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- Title
Prevalence of risk factors for noncommunicable diseases in adults: key findings from the Pakistan STEPS survey.
- Authors
Rafique, Ibrar; Saqib, Muhammad A. N.; Munir, Muhammad A.; Qureshi, Huma; Rizwanullah; Khan, Shahzad A.; Fouad, Heba
- Abstract
Background: Pakistan lacks data on the prevalence of risk factors for common noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of risk factors for NCDs among a population-based sample in Punjab and Sindh provinces, Pakistan. Methods: This study was conducted in 2013-2014. The NCD risk factors examined were: current daily smoking, eating fewer than 5 servings of fruits/vegetable a day, low physical activity, overweight and obesity. A total of 7 710 households were selected and 1 adult was enrolled from each household. Data were collected using the WHO STEPS instrument (Step 1 and 2), and analysed according to the STEPS statistical plan. Results: The prevalence of tobacco use was 19.7%. The majority of the respondents (96.5%) consumed fewer than 5 servings of fruits/vegetables a day, 41.5% had a low level of physical activity, 26.3% were overweight and 14.9% were obese. The prevalence of stage I and stage II hypertension, including those on medication, was 37% and 15.9% respectively. The prevalence of NCD risk factors differed significantly by sex and occupation (P = 0.0001) but not by age group (P = 0.118), level of education (P = 0.668) and province (P = 0.056). Only 0.6% of the sample had none of the 5 NCD risk factors while 40% had 3-5. Conclusion: The high prevalence of NCD risk factors in Punjab and Sindh provinces is of concern. Urgent public health interventions are needed to reduce them, especially in youth and young adults.
- Subjects
PAKISTAN; CHI-squared test; CONFIDENCE intervals; FOOD habits; QUESTIONNAIRES; RESEARCH funding; STATISTICAL sampling; SEX distribution; PHYSICAL activity; DATA analysis software; DESCRIPTIVE statistics
- Publication
Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 2018, Vol 24, Issue 1, p33
- ISSN
1020-3397
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.26719/2018.24.1.33