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- Title
IMPACT OF THE OPEN EXTRACTION OF ORES ON THE ECOLOGICAL STATUS OF SURFACE WATER.
- Authors
Zlatunova, Daniela
- Abstract
Assarel-Medet JSC mining and processing complex is the first, largest and leading Bulgarian mining company for outdoor mining and enrichment of copper and other ores. The detailed study of the Medet deposit was carried out in 1956-1962, which created the Medet mining and processing Complex/1964-1994/- the largest open - pit copper mine at that time in Europe and third in the world. At the end of 1968, the Assarel-copper deposit was opened. The hydrothermal copper deposit "Assarel" is of copper-porphyry type, located 12 km from the Medet deposit in the Panagyurishte ore region. It was formed in late chalk and the main ore minerals are chalcosine, pyrite, chalcopyrite, bornit and coveline, and the average copper content is 0.45%. After a detailed geological survey, on January 1, 1976 was established experimental-yielding section "Assarel". On the basis of the Medet mining and processing complex "Assarel" in 1986 was formed technological ore and enrichment plant "Assarel-Medet" the largest Bulgarian company for open-pit mining and production of copper ores. The most advanced technology is implemented high-performance equipment and unique company know-how. Assarel mine and the enrichment factory for the production of copper concentrate "Assarel" are two of the main production workshops of Assarel- Medet mining and processing complex. The modern infrastructure includes a water farm, a workshop for microbiological leaching of copper, cyclic-flow technology for the transportation of mining, sorption installations and electrolysis of copper, modern treatment facilities and administrative and other buildings. It is 11 km northwest of the town of Panagyurishte and 90 km east of the capital Sofia. Regardless of the most advanced technologies implemented, the negative effects of the discovered extraction on all environmental components - water, air, relief, flora and fauna are widely known. In this regard is the purpose of this publication, namely: to assess the influence of the mining enrichment complex on the ecological status of surface waters. In particular, subject of research is the rivers (Asrelska, Panova and Banska Ludayana) flowing through the territory of complex ecological polygon (CEP). CEP was built in 1988 and is the first company complex ecological polygon. It covers the Panagyurishte Srednogorie between the valley of the Topolnitsa River and the Panagyurishte Valley and has an area of about 147 km2. To assess the impact of the mining and enrichment complex on the quality of surface water, incl. of the ecological status, a monitoring network is established within the CEP. The quality of the river waters of the rivers Asarelska, Panova and Banska Luyana is observed at five points - two points reflecting conditionally - the natural conditions for the ecological status and three points giving information about the technogenic impact on the water of the mining complex. According to the normative documents, the classification of the ecological status of surface water is determined by biological and physico-chemical monitoring. The quality biological elements (QBE) include the composition and the abundance of aquatic flora and the composition and the abundance of invertebrate fauna, expressed by IPS Index and Biotic Index (BI). The hydrogen indicator as a physico-chemical element is used to support the biological elements. The main results of the study are related to the assessment of the ecological status of surface water under conditional-natural and technogenic conditions.
- Subjects
MINERAL industries; GEOLOGICAL surveys; HYDROTHERMAL synthesis; AQUATIC plants; INVERTEBRATES; WATER
- Publication
Knowledge: International Journal, 2020, Vol 38, Issue 3, p583
- ISSN
2545-4439
- Publication type
Article