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- Title
STUDY OF PM10 PARTICLES AND DETERMINATION OF CO2 AND CO IN AIR WITH IR SPECTROSCOPY.
- Authors
Izairi, Neset; Gjevori, Altin; Ajredini, Fadil; Dehari, Dije; Bexheti, Redona; Dehari, Shefket
- Abstract
Paper is based on the determination of the main air and environment pollutants in general such as CO2 (carbon dioxide), CO (carbon monoxide) and PM10 particles released from industrial facilities, vehicles, combustion and decomposition of dumped substances. Their impact is harmful to human health, plant and animal world. Today the world is increasingly alarmed about these risks, for human awareness of environmental protection. Physics and other sciences have given humanity the knowledge, techniques and the technology, with the application of which we extract large quantities of raw material such as minerals (fossil fuel, construction material), which are then processed to satisfy the needs of the population. But most often, the technologies used, do not take into account what is left behind the processing of raw materials and therefore industrial and other waste materials are created, which cannot be recycled in the natural exchange cycle, food chain, etc. As an illustration, according to an IPCC report of 2015 covering the energy needs of humankind in the last 100 years, during processing and use, about 400 billion tons of CO2 are released in the atmosphere. Based on the data provided by the Metering Stations of the Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning, it shows that the high concentrations of carcinogenic airborne particles worry the citizens in many cities of the country, but not the authorities. In Skopje, Kumanovo, Tetovo, Veles and Bitola the PM10 and PM 2.5 particles concentrations are several times higher than the permissible quantities. For the determination of CO2 and CO we have used an Infra Red spectrometer, model FT - IR (Spectrum BX FT - IR, Perkin Elmer), molecular absorption spectroscopy of laser light with wavelength 630 nm. The frequency of these rays has been applied to excite the molecular spectra of CO and CO2 in order to determine their presence in the air as pollutants. The measurements are focused on the spectrum range of 2075 cm-1 to 2384 cm-1. The gas samples were taken in an open environment, at several points of reference in Tetovo and Pristina, where there has been movement of vehicles during different periods of the day. The instrument is located at some reference location points in the city of Tetovo, where the instrument has been stationary from 4 to 8 hours, during this time it sucked the air constantly and then we analyzed the filters inside the instrument for particles. For the determination of PM10 particles was used PPM Systems equipment, Espoo, Finland, in accordance ЕN 12341: 1998. The determination is made by measuring the change in mass of the filter and clean the filter where PM10 particles were collected. For the measurement of these particles, sartorius analytical scales were used. The importance of these measurements is to explore the properties of absorption spectra and molecular structure and monitoring of environmental pollution.
- Subjects
AIR pollution; CARBON dioxide; IR spectrometers; ENVIRONMENTAL protection; HUMANITY
- Publication
Knowledge: International Journal, 2019, Vol 35, Issue 3, p877
- ISSN
2545-4439
- Publication type
Article