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- Title
Review and phylogeny of the New Zealand hagfishes ( Myxiniformes: Myxinidae), with a description of three new species.
- Authors
Zintzen, Vincent; Roberts, Clive D.; Shepherd, Lara; Stewart, Andrew L.; Struthers, Carl D.; Anderson, Marti J.; McVeagh, Margaret; Noren, Michael; Fernholm, Bo
- Abstract
Hagfishes from New Zealand are reviewed and a phylogeny proposed using morphological and genetic data ( DNA sequences of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene, COI, and the small subunit RNA, 16S). E ptatretus cryptus sp. nov. was previously confused with Eptatretus cirrhatus (Forster in Bloch & Schneider, 1801) because of their similar morphology, and is found from the Three Kings Islands to Stewart Island and in the eastern part of the Chatham Rise (at depths of 96-922 m). E ptatretus poicilus sp. nov. is endemic to the Three Kings Islands, where it is common and associated with soft sediment and deep-sea coral-sponge habitats (114-842 m). N eomyxine caesiovitta sp. nov. is a slender hagfish found along the east coast of the North Island south to the Chatham Rise (430-1083 m). A neotype is erected for E. cirrhatus (type locality: Breaksea Sound, Fiordland), occurring widely in New Zealand coastal, shelf, and slope waters (1-922 m), but not at the Three Kings Islands. Eptatetrus goliath Mincarone & Stewart, 2006, Neomyxine biniplicata (Richardson & Jowett, 1951), and Nemamyxine elongata Richardson, 1958 are further described using additional material. Rubicundus eos (Fernholm, 1991) is still only known from the holotype (type locality: Challenger Plateau). Genetic results showed that the New Zealand Eptatretus species form a monophyletic group within the subfamily Eptatretinae, indicating likely speciation from a single common ancestor within the area. E ptatretus poicilus sp. nov. is the sister species of E. cirrhatus, and E . cryptus sp. nov. is closely associated with the clade formed by these two species. Eptatretus goliath is most closely associated with Eptatretus minor Fernholm & Hubbs, 1981 ( Gulf of Mexico), these two species basally diverging within New Zealand hagfishes. The endemic genus Neomyxine forms a well-supported monophyletic group of as yet uncertain position within the phylogenetic tree. A key to the New Zealand hagfishes, fresh colour photographs, distribution maps, and in situ video recordings are presented. © 2015 The Linnean Society of London
- Subjects
NEW Zealand; PHYLOGENY; HAGFISHES; FISH morphology; NUCLEOTIDE sequence; CYTOCHROME oxidase
- Publication
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015, Vol 174, Issue 2, p363
- ISSN
0024-4082
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/zoj.12239