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- Title
The Effect of Small Sample Size on Two-Level Model Estimates: A Review and Illustration.
- Authors
McNeish, Daniel; Stapleton, Laura
- Abstract
Multilevel models are an increasingly popular method to analyze data that originate from a clustered or hierarchical structure. To effectively utilize multilevel models, one must have an adequately large number of clusters; otherwise, some model parameters will be estimated with bias. The goals for this paper are to (1) raise awareness of the problems associated with a small number of clusters, (2) review previous studies on multilevel models with a small number of clusters, (3) to provide an illustrative simulation to demonstrate how a simple model becomes adversely affected by small numbers of clusters, (4) to provide researchers with remedies if they encounter clustered data with a small number of clusters, and (5) to outline methodological topics that have yet to be addressed in the literature.
- Subjects
MULTILEVEL models; SAMPLE size (Statistics); HIERARCHICAL clustering (Cluster analysis); SIMULATION methods &; models; MAXIMUM likelihood statistics
- Publication
Educational Psychology Review, 2016, Vol 28, Issue 2, p295
- ISSN
1040-726X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s10648-014-9287-x