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- Title
Extremely High Concentrations of Ice Particles in East Asian Dust‐Infused Baroclinic Storm (DIBS) Cirrus Shield: Dominant Role of Dust Ice Nucleation Effect.
- Authors
Zeng, Yi; Wang, Minghuai; Zhao, Chun; Zhu, Yannian; Rosenfeld, Daniel; Huang, Kang‐En
- Abstract
Acting as efficient ice‐nucleating particles, dust particles can affect cirrus cloud properties through heterogeneous nucleation. A dust‐infused baroclinic storm (DIBS) over East Asia in May 2017 was examined using satellite observations and the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with chemistry (WRF‐Chem) to study the dust effects on cirrus clouds. Satellite observations showed that the ice number concentration (Nice) was extremely high, exceeding 1–10 cm−3 at the cirrus shield of the DIBS, and the ice effective radius (rei) was about 10–30 μm. An aerosol‐aware heterogeneous ice nucleation parameterization (Ullrich et al., 2017, https://doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-16-0074.1) was implemented into WRF‐Chem to explore the formation mechanism of such a high Nice. The simulated Nice from Ullrich17 was 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than that from the default scheme (Cooper, 1986, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-935704-17-1%5f4), and the rei was 2–3 times smaller. The results from Ullrich17 were more consistent with satellite observations, which can be attributed to the enhanced deposition nucleation from the high dust concentrations. Our results demonstrated that the extremely high Nice could be fully explained by the heterogeneous nucleation of dust particles in DIBS. A conceptual framework is proposed to explain the dust‐cloud interactions in DIBS. This study confirms the significant dust effects on cirrus clouds in DIBS and highlights the importance of using aerosol‐aware ice nucleation parameterizations in modeling cirrus clouds when the dust is present. Plain Language Summary: Cirrus clouds have a significant impact on the Earth's radiative budget and climate. Dust particles are efficient ice nucleating particles for enabling the ice formation process in cirrus clouds. We found extremely high ice number concentrations at the top cirrus shield of dust‐infused extratropical cyclone clouds using satellite observations. To understand how such high concentrations of ice crystals form, we implemented an aerosol‐aware ice nucleation parameterization into a regional chemistry‐climate model. The simulated ice number concentration and ice effective radius were significantly improved when using the newly added ice nucleation scheme. According to satellite observations and model results analysis, we proposed a conceptual framework for the formation mechanism of such high ice concentrations. Dust particles were transported to the altitude of the cirrus shield through the warm conveyor belt, and numerous ice crystals were formed from the deposition nucleation on dust particles with the consumption of water vapor. This study confirms the significant dust effects on cirrus shields in dust‐infused extratropical cyclone clouds. Future modeling work on cirrus clouds associated with dust should take the aerosol effects into account. Key Points: Extremely high concentrations of ice particles in dust‐infused baroclinic storm (DIBS) cirrus shield by the heterogeneous deposition nucleation of dust particles were foundThe importance of aerosol‐aware ice nucleation parameterizations in modeling dust‐cloud interactions within DIBS was demonstratedThe conceptual framework is proposed to explain the dust‐cloud interactions in DIBS
- Subjects
NICE (France); EAST Asia; STORMS; CIRRUS clouds; ICE crystals; HETEROGENOUS nucleation; CYCLONES; DUST; MINERAL dusts
- Publication
Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres, 2023, Vol 128, Issue 6, p1
- ISSN
2169-897X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1029/2022JD038034